A comprehensive blood test reveals the key factors affecting your energy, recovery, and long-term health – from cholesterol to inflammation to hormones
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Your blood is more than just a transport system, it's your body's frontline defense, oxygen carrier, and repair crew. The blood panel markers reveal hidden signs of fatigue, inflammation, or immune imbalance before symptoms appear. Optimizing these metrics helps you fight infections better, recover faster, and maintain energy and resilience as you age
| Biomarker | What it measures | Why it's important |
|---|---|---|
| White Blood Cell Count (WBC) | The total number of white blood cells in your blood. | These are your immune system's frontline defenders. Tracking WBC helps you understand how well your body can fight off infections and adapt to stress. Too high or too low can signal your system is out of balance. |
| Red Blood Cell Count (RBC) | The number of red blood cells circulating in your blood. | RBCs deliver oxygen to every part of your body. Low levels leave you tired and short of breath; high levels may suggest dehydration or stress. It's a core measure of daily energy and endurance. |
| Haemoglobin (HGB) | The protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen. | Haemoglobin is directly linked to stamina and recovery. Low levels point to anaemia, often from nutrient gaps, while higher levels can show your body is working harder to get oxygen where it's needed. |
| Hematocrit (HCT) | The proportion of blood made up of red blood cells. | This shows how efficiently your blood can carry oxygen. Too low means less fuel for your muscles and brain; too high may point to dehydration or other imbalances. |
| Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin (MCH) | The average amount of haemoglobin in each red blood cell. | MCH helps identify which nutrients your body may be lacking. Low values often mean iron deficiency; high values can point to B12 or folate issues. It's a window into how well-nourished your blood is. |
| Red Cell Distribution Width (RDW) | The variation in size of your red blood cells. | High RDW shows your red blood cells are uneven, often from nutrient deficiencies or chronic stress. It's an early flag for resilience gaps in your body. |
| Platelets (PLT) | The number of platelets in your blood. | Platelets are key for healing and recovery. Low levels raise bleeding risk; high levels may point to inflammation or overactive clotting. Balanced platelets keep your system stable and resilient. |
| Lymphocytes (LYM) | A type of white blood cell that fights viral infections. | Lymphocytes also build immune "memory," helping you bounce back faster. Too low may reflect stress or immune suppression; too high can signal infection or autoimmunity. |
| Monocytes (MON) | White blood cells that clean up bacteria and cellular debris. | Monocytes are part of your body's long-term repair crew. Elevated levels can show your immune system is dealing with ongoing stress or inflammation. |
| Neutrophils (NEU) | The most common white blood cells, first to respond to infection. | Neutrophils are critical for immediate protection. Too many suggest bacterial infection or inflammation; too few mean your defences are weakened. |
| Eosinophils (EOS) | White blood cells linked to allergies and parasite defence. | High eosinophils often point to hidden inflammation - from asthma, eczema, or allergies. They can reveal sensitivities that affect energy and wellbeing. |
| Basophils (BAS) | The rarest type of white blood cell, involved in allergic responses. | Though small in number, basophils release chemicals that drive allergy and inflammation. Tracking them can highlight long-term immune imbalances. |
Your blood lipids are a window into your future heart health. Long before symptoms show up, imbalanced cholesterol and fat metabolism can silently build up risk for heart attacks, strokes, and cognitive decline. Tracking these markers helps you prevent cardiovascular disease early, extend healthspan, and tailor your nutrition and supplement strategy for long-term protection.
| Biomarker | What it measures | Why it's important |
|---|---|---|
| LDL Cholesterol (LDL-C) | Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, often called "bad cholesterol." | High LDL can build up in arteries, raising cardiovascular risk. Optimising LDL is one of the most evidence-based ways to protect long-term heart and brain health. |
| HDL Cholesterol (HDL-C) | High-density lipoprotein cholesterol, sometimes called "good cholesterol." | HDL helps clear excess cholesterol from your blood. Higher levels are generally protective, but quality matters more than quantity. It's about balance with other lipids, not chasing a single "good" number. |
| Triglycerides (TG) | A type of fat circulating in your blood, stored for energy. | High triglycerides are linked to insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, and heart disease. Lowering them through diet, movement, and recovery supports both energy balance and long-term cardiovascular health. |
| Non-HDL Cholesterol (non-HDL-C) | Total cholesterol minus HDL - essentially all the "bad" particles. | A stronger predictor of heart disease than LDL alone. It captures all cholesterol types that can contribute to plaque build-up, making it a key marker for cardiovascular risk. |
| Total Cholesterol (TC) | The sum of LDL, HDL, and other cholesterol types. | Total cholesterol on its own doesn't tell the full story - it matters how it's broken down. But very high totals usually point to an imbalance that needs attention. |
| Total Cholesterol/HDL Ratio (TC/HDL) | The ratio of total cholesterol to HDL cholesterol. | This ratio is a quick measure of balance between "good" and "bad" cholesterol. Lower ratios usually mean lower cardiovascular risk, making it more useful than total cholesterol alone. |
| Lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) | A genetically determined cholesterol particle that can accelerate plaque build-up. | High Lp(a) significantly raises risk of heart attack and stroke, regardless of other cholesterol levels. Since lifestyle changes don't lower it much, knowing your Lp(a) helps you manage risk earlier and more proactively. |
| Apolipoprotein B (ApoB) | A protein found on all "bad" cholesterol particles (LDL, VLDL, etc.). | ApoB is considered the gold standard marker for cardiovascular risk. The fewer ApoB particles in circulation, the lower the chance they'll damage arteries. It's more predictive than LDL or total cholesterol alone. |
Glucose control is one of the biggest levers for living longer and staying vibrant. Subtle imbalances in insulin or blood sugar, even within the "normal" range, can accelerate aging, inflammation, and fat gain. By tracking and optimizing these markers, you reduce disease risk, stabilize energy, and unlock better physical and mental performance for decades to come.
| Biomarker | What it measures | Why it's important |
|---|---|---|
| HbA1c (Glycated Haemoglobin) | A measure of your average blood sugar levels over the past 2–3 months. | HbA1c shows how well your body manages glucose long-term. Higher values point to insulin resistance or prediabetes, increasing risk of diabetes, heart disease, and faster ageing. Optimising HbA1c supports steady energy, cognitive clarity, and long-term resilience. |
| Fasting Glucose (FG) | The level of glucose (sugar) in your blood after fasting for 8+ hours. | This is a snapshot of how your body regulates sugar at rest. Elevated fasting glucose suggests impaired control and increased diabetes risk. Keeping it optimal helps prevent energy crashes, cravings, and long-term metabolic strain. |
| Fasting Insulin (FI) | The amount of insulin in your blood after fasting. | Insulin is the hormone that helps move glucose into cells. High fasting insulin signals early insulin resistance - often before glucose rises. It's one of the best early-warning markers of metabolic health. Lower, balanced insulin levels reflect good sensitivity and efficient energy use. |
| HOMA-IR (Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance) | A calculation that combines fasting glucose and fasting insulin to estimate insulin resistance. | HOMA-IR is a powerful marker of metabolic efficiency. High values mean your body is working harder to keep blood sugar in check, raising long-term risk of diabetes and heart disease. Improving HOMA-IR through nutrition, exercise, and recovery is one of the fastest ways to boost both daily energy and longevity. |
Chronic low-grade inflammation is one of the most important, and invisible, drivers of aging. Elevated CRP is linked to heart disease, cognitive decline, metabolic dysfunction, and poor recovery. Keeping inflammation low helps preserve your energy, resilience, and long-term healthspan.
| Biomarker | What it measures | Why it's important |
|---|---|---|
| C-Reactive Protein (CRP) | A protein produced by the liver in response to inflammation in the body. | CRP is a highly sensitive marker of systemic inflammation. Elevated levels may indicate hidden stressors like poor recovery, chronic infection, obesity, or cardiovascular risk. Keeping CRP low supports faster recovery, better resilience, and reduces long-term risk of heart disease and accelerated ageing. |
Micronutrient deficiencies are common, subtle, and often overlooked, but they can silently undermine your energy, recovery, brain function, and aging rate. By identifying and correcting imbalances early, you build a stronger, more adaptable body and mind, and reduce the risk of chronic disease.
| Biomarker | What it measures | Why it's important |
|---|---|---|
| Active B12 (HoloTC) | The active form of vitamin B12 circulating in your blood. | B12 is essential for energy production, red blood cell formation, and brain function. Low levels can lead to fatigue, brain fog, tingling in extremities, and anaemia. Optimising B12 supports mental clarity, mood, and long-term nerve health. |
| Vitamin B9 (Folate Serum) | Levels of folate (vitamin B9) in the blood. | Folate is crucial for DNA repair, cell growth, and red blood cell production. Deficiency can cause anaemia, fatigue, and poor recovery. Adequate folate also supports healthy pregnancy and reduces cardiovascular risk when balanced with B12. |
| Ferritin (FER) | A measure of stored iron in the body. | Ferritin reflects how much iron your body has in reserve. Low ferritin is a common cause of fatigue and poor exercise tolerance; very high levels may indicate inflammation or iron overload. It's a key marker of energy and endurance. |
| Iron (Fe) | The level of circulating iron in your blood. | Iron is essential for carrying oxygen in red blood cells. Too little leads to anaemia, fatigue, and reduced exercise capacity; too much can be harmful to organs. Balancing iron is critical for energy, recovery, and longevity. |
| Transferrin (TRF) | The main protein that transports iron through the blood. | Transferrin helps show how efficiently your body is moving iron to where it's needed. Low levels can mean poor nutrition or liver problems; high levels often indicate iron deficiency. Together with ferritin and iron, it gives a complete picture of iron balance. |
| Vitamin D (25(OH)D) | The storage form of vitamin D circulating in your blood. | Vitamin D plays a major role in bone strength, immune function, and inflammation control. Low levels are extremely common and linked to weaker immunity, low mood, poor recovery, and higher risk of chronic disease. Optimising vitamin D supports resilience, energy, and healthy ageing. |
| Zinc (Zn) | Levels of zinc, an essential mineral, in the blood. | Zinc is vital for immune function, wound healing, and hormone balance (especially testosterone). Deficiency can impair recovery, weaken immunity, and reduce resilience under stress. It's a cornerstone of repair and performance. |
| Copper (Cu) | Levels of copper, a trace mineral, in the blood. | Copper works together with iron to make red blood cells and supports nerve and immune health. Imbalances (too low or too high) can affect energy, brain health, and cardiovascular risk. Balanced copper is essential for long-term metabolic and neurological health. |
Your thyroid sets the pace for everything - from how fast you burn calories to how sharp you feel mentally. Even mild dysfunction can lead to fatigue, weight gain, or mood changes. Tracking thyroid health ensures you're not aging in slow motion, and helps you stay metabolically efficient and hormonally balanced.
| Biomarker | What it measures | Why it's important |
|---|---|---|
| Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH) | A hormone from the pituitary gland that signals your thyroid to produce thyroid hormones (T3 and T4). | TSH is the most common screening marker for thyroid function. High TSH usually means your thyroid is underactive (hypothyroidism), while low TSH can suggest overactivity (hyperthyroidism). Balanced TSH is crucial for energy, metabolism, and mood stability. |
| Free Triiodothyronine (fT3) | The active form of thyroid hormone that regulates metabolism at the cellular level. | fT3 is what drives your energy, weight control, and body temperature regulation. Low fT3 can cause fatigue, brain fog, and difficulty losing weight, even if other thyroid markers look normal. It's the "engine" of thyroid function. |
| Free Thyroxine (fT4) | The main thyroid hormone produced by the gland, later converted into the active fT3. | fT4 acts as the storage form of thyroid hormone. Low levels suggest an underactive thyroid, while high levels may indicate overactivity. Measuring fT4 alongside TSH and fT3 gives a more complete view of thyroid health. |
| Thyroid Peroxidase Antibodies (TPO Ab) | Antibodies that attack thyroid cells, often seen in autoimmune thyroid disease. | Elevated TPO antibodies are common in Hashimoto's thyroiditis (underactive thyroid) or Graves' disease (overactive thyroid). Testing TPO Ab can uncover autoimmune drivers of fatigue, weight changes, and mood swings before symptoms worsen. |
| Thyroglobulin Antibodies (TG Ab) | Antibodies against thyroglobulin, a protein involved in thyroid hormone production. | Like TPO antibodies, TG antibodies signal thyroid autoimmunity. Detecting them helps identify the root cause of thyroid issues and guides more targeted management. |
| Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) | A hormone produced by the parathyroid glands that regulates calcium and phosphate balance. | PTH plays a critical role in bone strength, muscle contraction, and nerve function. High levels can weaken bones and increase cardiovascular risk; low levels may cause muscle cramps and tingling. It links thyroid function with mineral metabolism and long-term skeletal health. |
Hormones are the control panel for your biology. When they're in sync, you feel clear, strong, and energetic. But even small imbalances, often caused by aging, stress, or lifestyle, can accelerate fatigue, brain fog, fat gain, or burnout. Tracking your hormones helps you optimize energy, sex drive, performance, and long-term vitality.
| Biomarker | What it measures | Why it's important |
|---|---|---|
| Oestradiol (E2) | The main form of oestrogen, produced in ovaries (women) and smaller amounts in testes/adrenal glands (men). | In women, oestradiol regulates menstrual cycles, fertility, bone strength, and mood. Low levels can cause fatigue, low mood, and bone loss; high levels may drive PMS symptoms or cycle irregularities. In men, too much oestradiol relative to testosterone can affect energy, libido, and body composition. |
| Progesterone (P4) | Progesterone is a steroid hormone involved in regulating the menstrual cycle and maintaining pregnancy in women. In both sexes, it also serves as a precursor to cortisol and testosterone, and plays a role in brain health and mood regulation. | In women, progesterone supports regular cycles, fertility, sleep quality, and calm mood. Low levels may cause irregular periods, anxiety, or poor sleep. In men, progesterone plays a smaller role, helping balance oestrogen and support brain function. |
| Luteinising Hormone (LH) | A pituitary hormone that signals the ovaries or testes to produce sex hormones. | In women, LH spikes trigger ovulation. Imbalances can disrupt fertility or menstrual cycles. In men, LH stimulates testosterone production - so low LH can mean low natural testosterone. |
| Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) | A pituitary hormone that regulates egg development (women) and sperm production (men). | In women, high FSH can signal declining ovarian reserve or approaching menopause. In men, abnormal FSH may indicate testicular dysfunction and reduced fertility. |
| Sex Hormone Binding Globulin (SHBG) | A protein that binds to sex hormones (testosterone, oestrogen), controlling how much is available to cells. | High SHBG means less free, active hormone; low SHBG means more free hormone. In both sexes, SHBG balance is key for understanding why hormone levels may feel "off" even if total values look normal. |
| Testosterone (Total T) | The total amount of testosterone in the blood, including bound and free forms. | In men, testosterone drives energy, strength, libido, and mood. Low levels are linked to fatigue, muscle loss, and lower motivation. In women, small amounts of testosterone support energy, mood, and sexual health - but excess can cause acne, hair changes, or cycle issues. |
| Free Testosterone (Free T) | The portion of testosterone not bound to SHBG, and therefore active in the body. | Free testosterone is often a better indicator of how testosterone is working than total levels alone. Low free T can cause low energy, reduced muscle strength, and poor libido in men; high levels in women may signal polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). |
| Prolactin (PRL) | A hormone that helps regulate reproduction, produced by the pituitary gland. | In women, prolactin rises in pregnancy and breastfeeding. Outside of that, high prolactin may cause cycle irregularities or low fertility. In men, elevated prolactin can lower testosterone and reduce libido. |
| Cortisol | The main stress hormone, produced by the adrenal glands. | Cortisol follows a daily rhythm, peaking in the morning and dropping at night. Chronically high cortisol is linked to poor sleep, anxiety, and weight gain; too low can cause fatigue and low resilience. Balanced cortisol supports energy, focus, and recovery. |
| Free Androgen Index (FAI) | A calculation of the ratio between testosterone and SHBG, estimating free testosterone availability. | FAI helps determine whether testosterone is actually usable by the body. In men, it's a key marker of hormone health. In women, a high FAI may signal PCOS or androgen excess, while low FAI can cause low energy and libido. |
| DHEA Sulphate (DHEA-S) | A precursor hormone made in the adrenal glands that can be converted into testosterone or oestrogen. | DHEA-S supports energy, mood, and resilience. Low levels are linked to stress, ageing, and fatigue. Balanced DHEA-S helps maintain vitality, especially as other hormones fluctuate with age. |
Your kidneys quietly support everything - from blood pressure control to toxin clearance. Declining kidney function is common with age but often goes unnoticed until it's advanced. Monitoring these markers helps catch issues early, adjust training or diet, and preserve whole-body resilience.
| Biomarker | What it measures | Why it's important |
|---|---|---|
| Uric Acid (UA) | A waste product made when your body breaks down purines (from food and cells). | High uric acid can cause gout, kidney stones, and is linked to metabolic syndrome and heart disease. Optimal levels help protect joints, kidneys, and cardiovascular health. |
| Urea (Blood Urea Nitrogen / BUN) | A waste product formed when protein is broken down in the body. | Urea levels reflect how well your kidneys are filtering. High levels may point to dehydration, high protein intake, or kidney stress; low levels may reflect poor nutrition or liver issues. Balanced urea supports protein metabolism and recovery. |
| Creatinine (CRE) | A waste product from muscle metabolism, filtered by the kidneys. | Creatinine is a key marker of kidney function. Elevated levels suggest reduced filtration, while lower levels can occur with low muscle mass. It's critical for understanding kidney resilience and muscle health. |
| Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR) | A calculation based on creatinine, age, sex, and ethnicity that estimates how well your kidneys are filtering blood. | eGFR is the most widely used measure of kidney health. A higher score means better filtration; a lower score signals reduced kidney function. It's essential for tracking long-term organ health and longevity. |
Your liver is the ultimate multitasker - handling everything from nutrient conversion to hormone clearance. But poor diet, alcohol, or medications can quietly wear it down. Keeping your liver healthy means better energy, metabolism, recovery, and protection from chronic disease as you age.
| Biomarker | What it measures | Why it's important |
|---|---|---|
| Globulin (GLO) | A group of proteins in the blood that play roles in immunity, transport, and clotting. | Globulin levels give insight into immune function and protein balance. Low levels may reflect malnutrition or liver/kidney issues; high levels can indicate inflammation or immune activity. Balanced globulin supports resilience and recovery. |
| Albumin (ALB) | The most abundant protein in the blood, made by the liver. | Albumin keeps fluid in your blood vessels and carries hormones, vitamins, and drugs. Low albumin can signal liver or kidney dysfunction, poor nutrition, or chronic illness. Strong albumin levels reflect overall health and recovery capacity. |
| Total Protein (TP) | The combined levels of albumin and globulin in the blood. | This reflects overall protein status and liver function. Low total protein can mean malnutrition or liver disease; high levels may point to inflammation. It's a simple marker of nutritional and metabolic health. |
| Bilirubin (BIL) | A substance made when red blood cells are broken down. | The liver normally clears bilirubin. High levels can cause jaundice and may signal liver dysfunction or increased red blood cell breakdown. Optimal bilirubin means your detox pathways are running smoothly. |
| Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) | An enzyme found mainly in the liver. | ALT rises when liver cells are stressed or damaged, often from alcohol, medications, or fatty liver. It's one of the most sensitive markers of liver health. |
| Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) | An enzyme found in the liver, heart, and muscles. | Like ALT, AST rises with liver stress, but also with muscle injury. Looking at AST alongside ALT helps identify whether changes are liver-specific or linked to muscle damage. |
| Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase (GGT) | An enzyme involved in bile production. | GGT is very sensitive to alcohol use and oxidative stress. Elevated levels can signal liver strain or metabolic dysfunction. Keeping GGT low supports detox capacity and long-term metabolic health. |
| Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) | An enzyme found in the liver, bones, and digestive tract. | ALP levels reflect both liver and bone health. High levels can signal bile flow problems, liver disease, or bone turnover. Balanced ALP supports strong skeletal and liver function. |
Electrolytes power nearly every signal in your body - from your heartbeat to your brainwaves. Even mild imbalances can affect energy, hydration, muscle function, and recovery. Tracking these helps you stay sharp, perform better, and maintain internal balance as you age.
| Biomarker | What it measures | Why it's important |
|---|---|---|
| Magnesium (Mg) | A mineral involved in over 300 enzymatic reactions, including energy production and muscle function. | Low magnesium is common and can cause fatigue, poor sleep, cramps, and stress sensitivity. Adequate magnesium supports recovery, calmness, and long-term cardiovascular and metabolic health. |
| Potassium (K) | An essential electrolyte that helps regulate fluid balance, nerve signals, and muscle contractions. | Optimal potassium lowers blood pressure, protects the heart, and supports exercise performance. Too low = weakness, cramps, irregular heartbeat; too high = potential kidney or metabolic issues. |
| Corrected Calcium (Ca²⁺) | A measure of blood calcium adjusted for protein levels (like albumin) to show true calcium status. | Calcium is vital for bone strength, muscle contractions, and nerve function. Abnormal levels may indicate parathyroid, vitamin D, or kidney issues. Balanced calcium keeps bones strong and supports healthy ageing. |
| Sodium (Na) | The main electrolyte regulating fluid balance, blood pressure, and nerve activity. | Too much sodium raises blood pressure and cardiovascular risk; too little can cause fatigue, confusion, and cramps. Maintaining optimal sodium is critical for hydration, performance, and long-term heart health. |
| Chloride (Cl) | An electrolyte that works with sodium and potassium to maintain acid–base balance and hydration. | Chloride helps regulate blood pressure and digestion. Imbalances usually track with sodium changes, pointing to hydration or kidney issues. Stable chloride supports fluid balance and overall resilience. |
Muscle isn't just for strength - it's your metabolic engine and a key predictor of how well you'll age. CK tells you whether you're recovering well from training or pushing too hard. It's especially important for active people to prevent overtraining and protect long-term performance.
| Biomarker | What it measures | Why it's important |
|---|---|---|
| Creatine Kinase (CK) | An enzyme released into the blood when muscle tissue is stressed or damaged. | CK is a key marker of recovery. Elevated levels can mean heavy training, muscle injury, or stress on the heart. Tracking CK helps spot overtraining early, ensuring muscles repair properly and performance improves without increasing long-term strain. |
Your heart may not send obvious warning signs, but NT-proBNP can. Elevated levels can reveal subtle strain from high blood pressure, poor recovery, or metabolic stress before symptoms begin. Monitoring this helps you protect your most vital organ and build a heart that's built to last.
| Biomarker | What it measures | Why it's important |
|---|---|---|
| NT-proBNP (N-terminal pro b-type Natriuretic Peptide) | A hormone released by the heart when it is under strain or working harder than normal. | Elevated NT-proBNP can be an early signal of heart stress or reduced cardiovascular efficiency, even before symptoms appear. Tracking it helps detect hidden risks, guide lifestyle changes, and protect long-term heart health and endurance. |